neon color spreading effect

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Neon colour spreading effect
Neon colour spreading effect is the generic term for the illusions shown here. The borders between them are fluid. Pure neon effects occur relatively infrequently and only in the circumstances described below. Perception of such effects is something of an esoteric experience: «neon colour spreading effect» describes the grainy glimmer effect of certain colour inclusions in repetitive structures that are reminiscent of a traditional neon tube. The word «spreading» means that this luminescent colour appears to fill the empty spaces in between lines. The aesthetic quality of this ghostly phenomenon was discovered in 1971 [1], rediscovered in 1975 [2] and has now made it possible for neurophysiologists and psychophysicists to gain a deeper understanding of the processes involved in seeing [4].

Requirements
Five requirements must be satisfied for the neon effect to occur [4]:
1) If the colour inclusions are omitted, the empty spaces in the pattern of lines on the background must create a vivid object with a subjective border (Kanisza effect [3], see Spot 06 on the same subject).
2) The thickness of the lines must exceed a certain limit.
3) The colour inclusions must form a perfect continuation of the lines like inlays
4) The width of the colour inclusions must be no greater on the retina than the dimensions of the forvea.
5) The inlays must start to glow and to spray some of their pigment into the empty gaps in between, as if they had been ignited.

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Enhancing and inhibiting impact of the neon effect
The colours green and yellow with medium wavelengths suppress the neon effect and create a normal colour spreading effect. The shortwave and longwave colours blue and red, on the other hand, support the neon effect. Choosing contrasting colours for the background and the inlays (red and green; blue and yellow) enhances the neon effect, while the use of closely related colours (e.g. orange and red) causes the effect to vanish.
The neon effect is more pronounced in dim lighting conditions.
It is also interesting that grey lines embedded in coloured lines are capable of producing a weak neon colour spreading effect in the contrasting colour.

The neon effect in the picture collection
The collection of pictures shown contains a variety of neon colour spreading illusions. Powerful neon effects are only found in the characters of the title, in the picture with the floating circle above the confusion of bars, in the picture with the semi-transparent bluish frosted glass disk and in the final picture. The other pictures in the collection form a bridge to Spot 06.

In the upper regions of the brain and below sea-level
We know today that the neon effect and the Kanizsa effect (Spot 06), unlike the assimilation effect (Spot 09), occur in the upper regions of the visuosensory cortex. This apparently has nothing to do with contamination. Such a complex effect must either be an anomaly of human evolution or have a deeper meaning. It is of interest that following the glow of the colour which appears to have been sprayed into the spaces between the lines, the illusion of a semi-transparent structure is created at the front. This glowing seems to be a example of heightened perception. Even if the light of the inlays is insufficient to be perceived, our eyes - which were developed some 300 million years ago - may still be able to discern something thanks to this heightening of perception. The neon effect might be a remnant of the development of the power of sight under water. There is a lack of light there and the perception of transparent bodies located in front of filigree structures may have played a role.

Bibliography:

[1] Varin D, 1971: Fenomeni di contrasto e diffusione cromatica nell`organizzazione spaziale del campo percettivo
Rivista di Psicologia 65 101-128
[2] van Tujil, H. (1975): A new visual illusion: Neonlike color spreading and complementary color induction between subjective contours.
Acta Psychologica, 39, 441-445.
[3] Kanisza, G. (1979): Organisation in Vision. Essays on Gestalt Perception, Praeger.
[4] Bressan P, Spillmann L, Mingolla E and Watanabe T, 1989: Neon color spreading: a review
Perception 26 1353-1366

07/11/2003